Application Status and Trend of CNC System in Surface Grinder

I. Introduction

    In modern industrial production, the proportion of production of medium and small batch parts is increasing, With the rapid development of computer technology and widely used in numerical control system, the main function of numerical control device is almost entirely realized by software, the hardware can almost General, so that it is more flexible processing, more powerful.

    Manufacturing competition has been reduced from the early labor costs, product costs, improve the overall efficiency and quality of the enterprise competition, the development to fully meet customer requirements, and actively develop new products, competition, will face knowledge - technology - products The renewal cycle is getting shorter and shorter, the product batch is getting smaller and smaller, and the quality and performance requirements are higher, and the society is constantly strengthening the awareness of environmental protection and green manufacturing. So agile advanced manufacturing technology will become the enterprise to win the competitive and survival, the main means of development. Computer information technology and manufacturing automation technology more and more closely, as an important basis for automated flexible production of CNC machine tools in the production of the proportion of the machine will be more and more.

    Second, the status of CNC flat grinding and the main CNC system

    Surface grinder compared to lathes, milling machines, etc. using CNC system later, because of its special requirements for CNC systems. Over the past decade, with the help of CNC technology, grinding machine grinding wheel continuous dressing, automatic compensation, automatic exchange wheel, multi-table, automatic transmission and clamping parts and other operating functions can be achieved, CNC technology in the surface grinding machine gradually popular. In recent years, Hannover, Tokyo, Chicago, and domestic and other large machine tool exhibition, CNC grinding machine in the entire mill exhibits accounted for the majority, such as Germany BLOHM company, ELB company and other famous grinding machine factory no longer produce ordinary grinding machine, Ben, Nikko and other companies also mass production of full-function CNC mill, in the development of high-grade CNC flat grinding at the same time, the positive development of low-grade CNC flat grinding.

    A few years ago the German company ELB BRILLIANT series of two-axis CNC grinding machine, the vertical and horizontal for the CNC axis, vertical hydraulic control, wheel dressing installed on the table with a diamond wheel, a wider range; SUPER-BRILLIANT series Is a three-coordinate CNC plane and forming grinder, the bed is made of natural granite, the geometric precision is extremely high, the guide rails are linearly rolling guide rails, the mechanical drive is not recoil, so as to ensure the workpiece has better surface finish; BRILLIANT-FUTURE is above two A series of improved products, the bed made of artificial granite, vertical with static pressure rails, toothed belt drive, vertical and horizontal rails for the preloaded linear rolling guide, ball screw drive, three-axis CNC control AC servo motor, 0.5 Μm measurement resolution. At the same time ELB company developed with the latest technology of the latest grinders, that is, mechanical and electrical integration and computer technology-based CAM-MASTER series of flexible grinding processing unit, CAD-MASTER series and COMPACT-MASTER series grinding center, control shaft up Can be achieved 24-axis, and in addition to the full implementation of modular design, the special grinding machine manufacturing cycle to shorten, ELB also developed a variety of highly efficient special grinder, such as SFVG100 / 2 special grinder, with tilting grinding head, continuous dressing, , Oblique cut into the grinding function, with eleven CNC control shaft, as a grinding processing center. British JONES & SHIPMAN company and the United States AB company developed the A-B8600 CNC system for FORMAT5 CNC flat grinding, controlled by the hydraulic valve, driven longitudinal adjustable speed movement, horizontal and grinding head feed ball screw, DC servo motor Drive, intermittent wheel dressing, CRT graphics simulation display. At the same time can also be equipped with other types of CNC system to meet the requirements of different users.

    At present, with the continuous improvement of semiconductor integration, the new system in the appearance of smaller and smaller, more and more compact structure, the function increased the remote communication, remote diagnosis, multi-machine networking and so on; the interface to the WINDOWS system, Increase the mouse, remote control and other operating parts.

FANUC company this year launched the main 18I, 16I, 20I, 21I system, SIEMENS is 840D, 810D, 802D are compact system. There are some manufacturers such as: Taiwan Precision Machinery Research and Development Center developed PA8000NT series CNC controller, the use of the WINDOWSNC operating system, and NT real-time multi-processing core, single program processing speed of 2000 / sec, single pre-read Processing up to 1000 blocks, with AART (pre-adaptive adjustment technology) and parameter optimization learning function, can follow the error approaches zero, the software processing path filter can reduce the cutting process, due to excessive changes in acceleration generated Of the mechanical resonance, so as to improve the surface roughness; with servo flexibility, with +, - 10V analog servo interface, while providing international standard SERCOS digital servo communication interface; PLC program design ladder, structural statements, function blocks, , The flow chart and other five kinds of syntax, easy to design, communication and maintenance; with computer remote communication, real-time remote maintenance function; control shaft and spindle can be extended to up to 64 axis, I / O points can be extended to 792/528 points, Processor, high-speed PLC processing speed of 25K.

    In addition to the world famous SIEMENS, FANUC and other CNC system professional plant has developed and produced a number of suitable for flat or forming grinding system, some flat mill production plant itself is also actively developed for its grinding machine CNC system. There are:

    Siemens SINUMERIK840D system, the system has more than 20 servo axis, coordinate continuous stroke control, manual data input or through external computer input, remote diagnosis, can be reduced with the wheel diameter change stroke, grinding wheel automatic adjustment, ball Screw gap error compensation.

    The Siemens 3G system is developed for grinding and is equipped with an operation hint for man-machine conversation. When the axis is tilted, it can also be used for straight and circular interpolation, often in the grinding cycle, such as Spindle swing, with external signal interrupt execution program, wheel cut, grinding wheel dressing and other special preparation function, the preparation of fixed cycle program. It can not only use an external measuring device (switch signal), but also when connected to a suitable measuring head can be directly to the control device and the final size of the comparison.

    American ALLEY-BRANDLY company's 8400CNC, 8600CNC CNC series, suitable for lathes, milling machines and grinding machines, the 8400CNC can control up to 6 servo axis, any 2 axis can be circular interpolation, any 3 axis can be helical interpolation , 6-axis linear interpolation. 8600CNC series can control up to 17 coordinates, including 8 involved in the interpolation axis, 8-bit control axis and a spindle, with a graphical display, extended branch program, display processing time, high-speed program calibration, tool life monitoring and other functions.

    Japan FANUC company developed OG high-speed high-performance CNC system, which O-GSG for surface grinder, according to different parts of the grinding parts, there are four different grinding methods, with wheel angle tilt tilt control function, Grinding, grinding, no spark grinding a set of grinding cycle, grinding wheel after rolling the position compensation function, dresser relative to the modified wheel normal direction control function, trim roller outer radius radius compensation function, wheel shape graphics Display function and grinding parameters display, the system minimum setting unit 0.1μm, is a "compact" type CNC system, the price is low.

    In addition, such as Germany ELB company and university jointly developed UNICON system. Japan OSP5000G-G, OSP30-NF and other self-developed plane and forming grinding CNC system, the OSP5000G-G can control up to 9 coordinates, of which 6 coordinates can be linked with 12-inch color display, man-machine Dialogue programming, automatically determine the cutting factor, can be used to enter the floppy disk, into the FMS system, the minimum pulse equivalent, mobile equivalent and detection equivalent are 0.1μm, flat grinding also used in the sensor synchronous full closed loop mode.

    There are also flat grinding factory although the use of CNC OEM system, but the development of software, the use of more suitable for flat and forming grinding, such as the German company JUNG Siemens SINUMERIK810 based on the company's proprietary software, with JUNGKONTUR programming language The grinding wheel is trimmed and has a graphic auxiliary operation function. Japan's Okamoto company in FANUC CNC system hardware, the development of the OPL language for grinding, and so on.

  Today's linear motor, dynamic balance and other technologies, the growing development of the process should have greatly improved the efficiency of the machine tool, the appropriate measurement technology application of the development and utilization of CNC system to enhance the machine's electrical automatic control function even more powerful.